Abstract

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Symmetry: Culture and Science
Volume 37, Number 2, pages 179-221 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.26830/symmetry_2026_2_179

SYMMETRY AND ASYMMETRY OF THE ULTIMATE GENETIC CODE MATRIX

Jean-Yves Boulay

National Education (retired) - FRANCE
Email: jean-yvesboulay@orange.fr
Web: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Yves-Boulay
ORCID: 0000-0001-5636-2375

Abstract: Based on the standard genetic code table with 64 codons, 61 amino acids, and 3 stop signals, a simplified matrix has been developed. This matrix comprises only twenty entities: the twenty canonical proteinogenic amino acids associated with twenty DNA biplets. This process highlights a unique organization of this matrix with both symmetrical and asymmetrical arrangements. Furthermore, the configurations of this matrix align with the alphanumeric system introduced in a recent article published by the author. This compressed version of the genetic code is called the "ultimate genetic code matrix."

Keywords: genetic code, symmetry, amino acids, fractal, nucleobases, set theory, molecular biology, number theory

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