Abstract

Previous abstract Back to issue content Next abstract
Symmetry: Culture and Science
Volume 33, Number 4, pages 375-385 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.26830/symmetry_2022_4_375

HOW DOES VISUAL SYMMETRY BECOME A MARKETING STRATEGY?

Seda YILDIRIM1 Seda H. BOSTANCI2* Seyfettin ERDOĞAN3

1 Department of Business, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Namık Kemal Mahallesi, Süleymanpaşa, 59030. Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Email: sedayil1@gmail.com, sedayildirim.cv.nku.edu.tr
ORCID: 0000-0003-4367-6652

2 Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Namık Kemal Mahallesi, Süleymanpaşa, 59030. Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Email: shbostanci@nku.edu.tr
Web: http://shbostanci.cv.nku.edu.tr/
ORCID: 0000-0002-3559-2224

3 Department of Economics, İstanbul Medeniyet University, 34720, İstanbul, Turkey.
Email: seyfettin.erdogan@medeniyet.edu.tr
ORCID: 0000-0003-2790-4221

* corresponding author

Abstract: Symmetry is closely related to the concept of aesthetics. While aesthetics was defined as a visual value that stimulated good feelings in the past; nowadays, it is mentioned as the aesthetics of works of art or designs that make a striking difference and have communication value. Similarly, although symmetry makes a product or work of art more admirable or preferable, asymmetry can also contribute to attracting attention and adding originality to product design. Thus, symmetry and asymmetry can create a competitive edge for the designed product. This study aims to investigate how visual symmetry is used as a marketing strategy. It is noticeable that visual symmetry is used in terms of brand, visual design and logo design in terms of marketing. It is noticeable that asymmetrical designs can be an effective strategy in marketing as well as designs with a strong symmetry effect. Thus, the decisions related to the effect of symmetry in product and logo design are a controversial issue among marketing strategies. A systematic review method is used in this study. As a result of the study, it was concluded that symmetry can make a difference in the perception of customers.

Keywords: Symmetry, marketing, advertising, brand and logo.

References:
Alessandri, S., Yang, SU. and Kinsey, D. (2006) An integrative approach to university visual identity and reputation, Corp Reputation Rev 9, 258–270, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550033

Aromataris, E. and Pearson, A. (2014) The systematic review: an overview, AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 114(3), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000444496.24228.2c

Bailey, A.A., Albassami, F. and Al-Meshal, S. (2016) The roles of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the internal marketing-employee bank identification relationship, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34(6), 821-840. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2015-0097

Bettels, J. and Wiedmann, K. P. (2019) Brand logo symmetry and product design: The spillover effects on consumer inferences, Journal of Business Research, 97, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.039

Bigoin-Gagnan, A. and Lacoste-Badie, S. (2018) Symmetry influences packaging aesthetic evaluation and purchase intention, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 46(11/12), 1026-1040. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-06-2017-0123

Brass, B. (n.d.) Examples of Symmetry in Advertisements. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-symmetry-advertisements-18374.html .

Bostancı, S. H. (2021) Understanding the relations among symmetry, facade and entropy, Symmetry: Culture and Science, 32(3), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.26830/symmetry_2021_3_345

Bostancı, S. H. (2019) Cognitive Studies in Urban Design. New Approaches to Spatial Planning and Design: Planning, Design, Applications, Peter Lang, 435-450.

Bostancı, S. H. and Oral, M. (2017) Experimental approach on the cognitive perception of historical urban skyline, ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 5, 45-59. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2017.25

Bostancı, S. H. and Ocakçı, M. (2011) Innovative approach to aesthetic evaluation based on entropy, European Planning Studies, 19(4), 705-723. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2011.548473

Cosper, A. (2022) How Symmetry on packaging influences aesthetic evaluation and purchase decisions, https://www.desjardin.fr/en/blog/how-symmetry-on-packaging-influences-aesthetic-evaluation-and-purchase-decision s.

Crowther, M., Lim, W. and Crowther, M. A. (2010) Systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, Blood, 116(17), 3140–3146. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-280883

Cuevas, J. M., Julkunen, S. and Gabrielsson, M. (2015) Power symmetry and the development of trust in interdependent relationships: The mediating role of goal congruence, Industrial Marketing Management, 48, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.03.015

Dixit, A., Clouse, C. and Turken, N. (2019) Strategic business location decisions: Importance of economic factors and place image, Rutgers Business Review, 4(1), https://ssrn.com/abstract=3378663.

Esmaeilpour, M., Sayadi, A. and Mirzaei, M. (2018) Investigating the impact of service quality dimensions on reputation and brand trust, International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 10, 3, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3155030.

Khoshtaria, T., Datuashvili, D. and Matin, A. (2020) The impact of brand equity dimensions on university reputation: an empirical study of Georgian higher education, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 30(2), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2020.1725955

Kostyk, A. and Huhmann, B. A. (2021) Perfect social media image posts: symmetry and contrast influence consumer response, European Journal of Marketing, https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-09-2018-0629

Lee, W. I., Chen, C. C., Lee, C. C. (2015) The Relationship between Internal Marketing Orientation, Employee Commitment, Charismatic Leadership and Performance, ICEC '15: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Commerce 2015, August 2015 Article No.: 1, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1145/2781562.2781563

Lacoste-Badie, S., Droulers, O. and Gagnan, A.B. (2020) Symmetry and Attention in a Retail Context, Paris 16-18 January 2020 – 19th International Marketing Trends Congress, https://archives.marketing-trends-congress.com/2020/pages/PDF/071.pdf.

Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C. et al. (2018) Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach, BMC Med Res Methodol, 18, 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x

Öncü, M. A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S. and Erdoğan, F. (2021) The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A case of Turkey, Duzce Medical Journal, 23(Special Issue), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733.

Păvăloaia, V. D., Anastasiei, I. D. and Fotache, D. (2020) Social media and e-mail marketing campaigns: Symmetry versus convergence, Symmetry, 12(12):1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12121940.

Pinar, M., Trapp, P., Girard, T. and Boyt, T. (2014) University brand equity: an empirical investigation of its dimensions, International Journal of Educational Management, 28(6), 616-634. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2013-0051

Rock, I., and Palmer, S. (1990) The legacy of Gestalt psychology, Scientific American, 263(6), 84-91.

Rosen, J. (1975) Symmetry Discovered: Concepts and Applications in Nature and Science, Cambridge University Press.

Stamatogiannakis, A., Luffarelli, J. and Yang, H. (2020) What does the symmetry of your logo say about your brand?, Hardvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2020/03/what-does-the-symmetry-of-your-logo-say-about-your-brand.

Thomson, K. and Hecker, L. (2000) Value‐adding communication: Innovation in employee communication and internal marketing, Journal of Communication Management, 5(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540110806668.

Velasco, C., Pathak, A., Woods, A.T., Corredor, A., and Elliot, A. J. (2020) The relation between symmetry in food packaging and approach and avoidance words, Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 73(5), 654-663. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021819887172

Voloshinov, A. V. (1996) Symmetry as a superprinciple of science and art, Leonardo, 29(2), 109-113.

Yıldırım, S. and Bostancı, S. H. (2021) The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(3), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-04-2021-0049

Yıldırım, S., Acaray, A. and Candan, B. (2016) The relationship between marketing culture and organizational commitment: An empirical study in Turkey, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 12(1), 66-80.

Yıldırım, S., Acaray, A. and Aydın, K. (2017) Exploring the impact of marketing culture on job satisfaction: Evidence from the Turkish banking sector, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(2), 151-162.

Yıldırım, S. and Bostancı, S. (2022) A Qualitative approach to developments in the digital economy during the impact of Covid-19 crisis, JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(1), 32-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/joeep/issue/66260/1052010.

Yoo, B., Donthu, N. & Lee, S. An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity, J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci., 28, 195 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282002

Yao, Q., Chen, R. and Cai, G. (2013) How internal marketing can cultivate psychological empowerment and enhance employee performance, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(4), 529–537. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.4.529

Previous abstract Back to issue content Next abstract