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Symmetry: Culture and Science
Volume 34, Number 1, pages 045-059 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.26830/symmetry_2023_1_045

CHAOTIC – DETERMINISTIC OR RANDOM NATURE OF EARTHQUAKES: A PHASE SPACE ANALYSIS

Onder Pekcan¹, Taner Arsan^2*

¹ Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kadir Has University, Istanbul 34083, Turkey.
Email: pekcan@khas.edu.tr
Web: https://fens.khas.edu.tr/en/academic/1307
ORCID: 0000-0002-0082-8209

² Department of Computer Engineering, Kadir Has University, Istanbul 34083, Turkey.
Email: arsan@khas.edu.tr
Web: https://fens.khas.edu.tr/en/academic/10
ORCID: 0000-0002-4453-3218

^*corresponding author

Abstract: Using the phase space approach, time series analysis of high EV1 and low EV2 intense two different earthquakes that occurred at the nearly same precise spot, at different times, and were measured with the same sensor of a broadband station were studied. Time series data of strong, large (EV1) and weak, small (EV2) two earthquake events were analyzed by dividing them into three different regions. Fractal dimensions of the EV1 and EV2 were produced using the box-counting algorithm for east-west (BHE), north-south (BHN), and vertical (BHZ) components. The small, weak earthquake, EV2, created a larger fractal dimension in phase space by implying its random nature in all regions. However, EV1 is a strong, large earthquake that presents deterministic oscillatory behavior at a long-time region. Oscillatory behavior can be named surface wave. EV2 exhibits weak, high-frequency ground oscillations similar to fibrillation before and after the earthquake in the long-term areas.

Keywords: Time Series, Phase Space, Fractals, Chaotic Dynamics, Random Process.
PACS 2010: 05.45-Tp, 71.35.Lk, .ab, zz.tt.cd, 95.10.Fh, 05.40.-a.

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